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World Journal of Pediatrics : WJP Mar 2023This study analyzed the motor development and suspected developmental coordination disorder of very and moderately preterm (< 34 gestational age), late preterm (34-36...
BACKGROUND
This study analyzed the motor development and suspected developmental coordination disorder of very and moderately preterm (< 34 gestational age), late preterm (34-36 gestational week), and early-term (37-38 gestational week) children compared to their full-term peers with a national population-based sample in China.
METHODS
A total of 1673 children (799 girls, 874 boys) aged 3-10 years old were individually assessed with the Movement Assessment Battery for Children-second edition (MABC-2). The association between gestational age and motor performance of children was analyzed using a multilevel regression model.
RESULTS
The global motor performance [β = - 5.111, 95% confidence interval (CI) = - 9.200 to - 1.022; P = 0.015] and balance (β = - 5.182, 95% CI = - 5.055 to - 1.158; P = 0.003) for very and moderately preterm children aged 3-6 years old were significantly lower than their full-term peers when adjusting for confounders. Late preterm and early-term children showed no difference. Moreover, very and moderately preterm children aged 3-6 years had a higher risk of suspected developmental coordination disorder (DCD) (≤ 5 percentile of MABC-2 score) when adjusting for potential confounders [odds ratio (OR) = 2.931, 95% CI = 1.067-8.054; P = 0.038]. Late preterm and early-term children showed no difference in motor performance from their full-term peers (each P > 0.05).
CONCLUSIONS
Our findings have important implications for understanding motor impairment in children born at different gestational ages. Very and moderately preterm preschoolers have an increased risk of DCD, and long-term follow-up should be provided for early detection and intervention.
Topics: Infant, Newborn; Male; Female; Humans; Child; Child, Preschool; Motor Skills Disorders; Retrospective Studies; Term Birth; Gestational Age; Odds Ratio
PubMed: 36469242
DOI: 10.1007/s12519-022-00648-9 -
Nutrients Nov 2018Factors such as lactation stage and premature and small-for-gestational conditions could lead to great inter-individual variability in the carotenoid content of human...
Factors such as lactation stage and premature and small-for-gestational conditions could lead to great inter-individual variability in the carotenoid content of human milk. The aim was to analyze the carotenoid content in colostrum and mature milk of preterm (PT) and full-term (FT) mothers to establish whether they are significantly different and, if so, the stage of lactation when the differences are established. Samples of blood, colostrum, and mature milk were collected from Spanish donating mothers who gave birth to PT or FT infants. Carotenoids from serum and milk samples were analyzed by HPLC-atmospheric pressure chemical ionization (APCI)-MS. Quantitatively, colostrum from PT mothers presented lower total carotenoid content when compared to that from FT mothers. The only exception was lutein, where levels were not different. The transition from colostrum to mature milk makes observed differences in the carotenoid content disappear, since there were no variances between PT and FT groups for both individual and total carotenoid content. The premature birth condition affects the quantitative carotenoid composition of the colostrum but has no effect on the lutein content. This fact could be related to the significant role of this xanthophyll in the development of infant retina and feasibly to cognitive function.
Topics: Carotenoids; Colostrum; Evaluation Studies as Topic; Female; Gestational Age; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Premature; Lactation; Lutein; Milk, Human; Term Birth; Xanthophylls
PubMed: 30400306
DOI: 10.3390/nu10111654 -
American Journal of Epidemiology Aug 2023Knowledge on the association between offspring birth weight and long-term risk of maternal cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality is often based on firstborn infants...
Knowledge on the association between offspring birth weight and long-term risk of maternal cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality is often based on firstborn infants without consideration of women's consecutive births. We studied long-term CVD mortality according to offspring birth weight patterns among women with spontaneous and iatrogenic term deliveries in Norway (1967-2020). We constructed birth weight quartiles (Qs) by combining standardized birth weight with gestational age in quartiles (Q1, Q2/Q3, and Q4) for the women's first 2 births. Mortality was estimated using Cox regression and expressed as hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Changes in offspring birth weight quartiles were associated with long-term maternal CVD mortality. Compared with women who had 2 term infants in Q2/Q3, women with a first offspring in Q2/Q3 and a second in Q1 had higher mortality risk (HR = 1.33, 95% CI: 1.18, 1.50), while risk was lower if the second offspring was in Q4 (HR = 0.78, 95% CI: 0.67, 0.91). The risk increase associated with having a first infant in Q1 was eliminated if the second offspring was in Q4 (HR = 0.99, 95% CI: 0.75, 1.31). These patterns were similar for women with iatrogenic and spontaneous deliveries. Inclusion of information from subsequent births revealed heterogeneity in maternal CVD mortality which was not captured when using only information based on the first offspring.
Topics: Pregnancy; Infant; Humans; Female; Birth Weight; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cohort Studies; Term Birth; Iatrogenic Disease
PubMed: 37249253
DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwad075 -
Frontiers in Cellular and Infection... 2021To evaluate the association between the early pregnancy vaginal microbiome and spontaneous preterm birth (sPTB) and early term birth (sETB) among African American women.
OBJECTIVE
To evaluate the association between the early pregnancy vaginal microbiome and spontaneous preterm birth (sPTB) and early term birth (sETB) among African American women.
METHODS
Vaginal samples collected in early pregnancy (8-14 weeks' gestation) from 436 women enrolled in the Emory University African American Vaginal, Oral, and Gut Microbiome in Pregnancy Study underwent 16S rRNA gene sequencing of the V3-V4 region, taxonomic classification, and community state type (CST) assignment. We compared vaginal CST and abundance of taxa for women whose pregnancy ended in sPTB (N = 44) or sETB (N= 84) to those who delivered full term (N = 231).
RESULTS
Nearly half of the women had a vaginal microbiome classified as CST IV (Diverse CST), while one-third had CST III ( dominated) and just 16% had CST I, II, or V (non-iners dominated). Compared to vaginal CST I, II, or V (non-iners dominated), both CST III ( dominated) and CST IV (Diverse) were associated with sPTB with an adjusted odds ratio (95% confidence interval) of 4.1 (1.1, infinity) and 7.7 (2.2, infinity), respectively, in multivariate logistic regression. In contrast, no vaginal CST was associated with sETB. The linear decomposition model (LDM) based on amplicon sequence variant (ASV) relative abundance found a significant overall effect of the vaginal microbiome on sPTB (p=0.034) but not sETB (p=0.320), whereas the LDM based on presence/absence of ASV found no overall effect on sPTB (p=0.328) but a significant effect on sETB (p=0.030). In testing for ASV-specific effects, the LDM found that no ASV was significantly associated with sPTB considering either relative abundance or presence/absence data after controlling for multiple comparisons (FDR 10%), although in marginal analysis the relative abundance of (p=0.011), non-iners (p=0.016), and (p=0.035) and the presence of (p=0.049), BVAB2 (p=0.024), (p=0.011), and (p=0.044) were associated with sPTB. The LDM identified the higher abundance of 7 ASVs and the presence of 13 ASVs, all commonly residents of the gut, as associated with sETB at FDR < 10%.
CONCLUSIONS
In this cohort of African American women, an early pregnancy vaginal CST III or IV was associated with an increased risk of sPTB but not sETB. The relative abundance and presence of distinct taxa within the early pregnancy vaginal microbiome was associated with either sPTB or sETB.
Topics: Actinobacteria; Black or African American; Female; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Microbiota; Pregnancy; Premature Birth; Prevotella; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Term Birth; Vagina
PubMed: 33996627
DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.641005 -
Arquivos Brasileiros de Oftalmologia 2017The aim of this study was to determine the central corneal thickness (CCT) and intraocular pressure (IOP) in full-term newborns and to correlate these values with the...
OBJECTIVE
The aim of this study was to determine the central corneal thickness (CCT) and intraocular pressure (IOP) in full-term newborns and to correlate these values with the following variables: weight, sex, and post-conception age (PCA).
METHODS
IOP and CCT were determined in 52 full-term newborns with a mean gestational age of 39.43 ± 1.03 weeks and a mean birth weight of 3,273 ± 558 g. The mean age of the neonates at the time of taking the measurements was 1.15 ± 1.38 days after birth. IOP was determined with a Tono-Pen, and CCT was determined using a handheld ultrasound pachymeter.
RESULTS
The mean overall IOP was 14.0 ± 2.91 mmHg, and the mean IOP in male and female newborns was 13.77 ± 2.88 mmHg and 14.32 ± 3.05 mmHg, respectively. The mean overall CCT was 605.87 ± 62.98 µm, and the mean CCT in male and female newborns was 626.70 ± 67.46 µm and 577.45 ± 45.50 µm, respectively; the mean CCT was higher in male newborns than in female newborns. PCA was negatively associated with CCT, IOP, and weight; however, only the correlation with CCT was statistically significant. Comparisons between the sexes showed significant differences for two variables: weight and CCT.
CONCLUSIONS
No relationship was found between CCT and IOP; however, we found a positive association between weight and CCT.
Topics: Birth Weight; Cornea; Corneal Pachymetry; Female; Gestational Age; Glaucoma; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Intraocular Pressure; Male; Sex Factors; Statistics, Nonparametric; Term Birth; Time Factors; Tonometry, Ocular
PubMed: 29160543
DOI: 10.5935/0004-2749.20170076 -
Cadernos de Saude Publica 2022This study analyzed late-term and post-term birth, evaluating the maternal profile, its characteristics, and maternal and neonatal complications. A total of 23,610...
This study analyzed late-term and post-term birth, evaluating the maternal profile, its characteristics, and maternal and neonatal complications. A total of 23,610 babies were selected from the Birth in Brazil study (2011), and a descriptive analysis of the study population was performed. The association between late-term and post-term birth and their outcomes was performed using logistic regressions (p-value < 0.05). The prevalence found was 7.4% for late-term and 2.5% for post-term birth, both of which were more frequent in the North and Northeast regions, in adolescents, black women, with low schooling, multiparous, cared for by the public sector. Late term pregnancies had a higher chance of induction of vaginal delivery (OR = 2.02; 95%CI: 1.67-2.45), of cesarean section (OR = 1.32; 95%CI: 1.16-1.52), of severe laceration (OR = 3.75; 95%CI: 1.36-10.36), and of oxygen therapy for newborns (OR = 1.52; 95%CI: 1.02-2.26). In post-term pregnancies, newborns had a lower chance of breastfeeding at birth (OR = 0.74; 95%CI: 0.56-0.97) and during hospitalization (OR = 0.62; 95%CI: 0.40-0.97) and a higher chance of being born small for the gestational age (OR = 4.01; 95%CI: 2.83-5.70). The results using only ultrasound as a measure of gestational age confirmed the previous findings. Late-term and post-term pregnancies occur more frequently in the North and Northeast regions and in women with greater social vulnerability, being associated with maternal and neonatal complications.
Topics: Infant, Newborn; Adolescent; Infant; Humans; Female; Pregnancy; Cesarean Section; Brazil; Term Birth; Pregnancy Outcome; Family
PubMed: 36449853
DOI: 10.1590/0102-311XPT281121 -
Reproductive Health Jun 2020It has been reported that lifestyle factors may affect birth weight; however, few studies have explored the association between lifestyle factors and low birth weight in...
BACKGROUND
It has been reported that lifestyle factors may affect birth weight; however, few studies have explored the association between lifestyle factors and low birth weight in preterm and term births in China. The objective of this study was to explore the effect of lifestyle on low birth weight in preterm and term births.
METHODS
This case-control study was conducted in fourteen hospitals in Jiangmen, Guangdong Province. Data were collected from August 2015 to May 2016 using a standard questionnaire. Data were analysed using logistic regression.
RESULTS
Women who delivered preterm and were physically active (1-3 times per week and ≥ 4 times per week) had reduced odds of having low birth weight babies (aOR = 0.584, 95%CI = 0.394-0.867 and, aOR = 0.516, 95%CI = 0.355-0.752, respectively). Pregnant women who had insufficient gestational weight gain had increased odds of having low birth weight babies (aOR = 2.272, 95%CI = 1.626-3.176). Women exposed to passive smoking had an increased risk of delivering low birth weight infants (aOR = 1.404, 95%CI = 1.057-1.864). Insufficient gestational weight gain and excessive gestational weight gain were both significantly associated with low birth weight (aOR = 1.484, 95%CI = 1.103-1.998 and aOR = 0.369, 95%CI = 0.236-0.577, respectively) for term deliveries. In addition, parity, history of low birth weight, antenatal care and gestational hypertension were significantly associated with the likelihood of low birth weight.
CONCLUSION
Pregnant women without exercise contraindications should remain physically active. Pregnant women should be aware of the negative effects of smoke and be aware of strategies to protect themselves from passive smoke exposure. Hospitals should inform pregnant women of the importance appropriate gestational weight gain. These recommendations should be put into practice to decrease the prevalence of low birth weight infants.
Topics: Case-Control Studies; China; Exercise; Female; Gestational Age; Humans; Infant, Low Birth Weight; Life Style; Maternal Behavior; Pregnancy; Premature Birth; Prenatal Care; Risk Factors; Socioeconomic Factors; Term Birth; Tobacco Smoke Pollution; Weight Gain
PubMed: 32527333
DOI: 10.1186/s12978-020-00932-9 -
European Journal of Obstetrics,... Sep 2022Obstetric research is often criticized for using surrogate or combined outcomes with a disproportionately heavy weight of less relevant components. The objective of this...
Obstetric research is often criticized for using surrogate or combined outcomes with a disproportionately heavy weight of less relevant components. The objective of this methodological systematic review was to assess the choice and reporting of short-term perinatal outcomes for management of labor at or near term and evaluate if there is any need and possibility to harmonize them. A systematic methodological review of Cochrane reviews was performed. The review was registered prospectively at International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO), registration number212954. The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews was searched by topics and group browsing and by combination of free-text words and standardized subject terms. Cochrane Systematic Reviews with focus on management of labor at or near term, including timing, type of labor onset, mode of delivery and intrapartum care were included while those focused on prenatal care, postnatal interventions, and preterm deliveries were excluded. Prespecified and reported non-prespecified short-term perinatal (foetal and newborn) outcomes were collected. The outcomes were grouped into domains and classified independently by two authors into five prespecified groups regarding their anticipated importance for patients. Outcomes reflecting how a patient feels, functions, and survives were deemed patient-important. We also evaluated whether any of the outcomes were salutogenic (reflecting positive health and well-being rather than illness or adverse event prevention or avoidance). Our search resulted in 806 Cochrane Systematic Reviews, of which we included 141 published between the years 1996 and 2020. We identified 348 unique outcomes, of which 15 (4.3%) were prespecified and 13 (3.7%) were reported in at least 10% of the reviews. Only half of the prespecified outcomes were reported. In total, 88 (25.3%) of the 348 outcomes were classified as patient important, reflecting how a patient feels, functions, and survives. Salutogenic outcomes were rare (3.4%). To conclude, variation in the choice of outcomes for management of term labor as well as the discrepancy between chosen and reported outcomes were large. Harmonization of perinatal outcome measures, based on consensus between researchers, clinicians, and families, is needed.
Topics: Female; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Labor, Obstetric; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Outcome; Prenatal Care; Term Birth
PubMed: 35792368
DOI: 10.1016/j.ejogrb.2022.06.017 -
CoDASTo measure the exogenous components of the cortical auditory evoked potential (CAEP) in term and preterm newborns and compare them considering the variables latency and... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
PURPOSE
To measure the exogenous components of the cortical auditory evoked potential (CAEP) in term and preterm newborns and compare them considering the variables latency and amplitude.
METHODS
This is a cross-sectional, prospective, comparative, contemporary study. One hundred twenty-seven newborns were evaluated; 96 of these were included in the study after analysis of the exams by three referees. Participants were divided into two groups: Term Group: 66 infants and Preterm Group: 30 neonates. The recordings of CAEP were performed using surface electrodes with newborns comfortably positioned in the lap of their mothers and/or guardians in natural sleep. To this end, binaural verbal stimuli were presented with /ba/ as the frequent stimulation and /ga/ the rare stimulus, at an intensity of 70 dB HL, through insert earphones. The presence or absence of exogenous components and the latency and amplitude of P1 and N1 were analyzed in both groups. Pertinent tests were used in the statistical analysis of data.
RESULTS
The latency of the waves P1 and N1 was smaller in participants in the Term Group. However, there were no statistically significant differences in the amplitude of P1 and N1 between the groups. No difference between the groups was found when comparing the presence and absence of the components P2 and N2.
CONCLUSION
It is possible to measure the CAEP in term and preterm neonates. There was influence of the maturational process only on the measure of latency of the components P1, binaurally, and N1, in the left ear, which were smaller in participants in the Term Group.
Topics: Acoustic Stimulation; Auditory Cortex; Cross-Sectional Studies; Electroencephalography; Evoked Potentials, Auditory; Female; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Premature; Male; Prospective Studies; Reaction Time; Term Birth
PubMed: 27759841
DOI: 10.1590/2317-1782/20162015291 -
Journal of Medical Genetics Jan 2018Gestation is a crucial timepoint in human development. Deviation from a term gestational age correlates with both acute and long-term adverse health effects for the...
BACKGROUND
Gestation is a crucial timepoint in human development. Deviation from a term gestational age correlates with both acute and long-term adverse health effects for the child. Both being born preterm and post-term, that is, having short and long gestational ages, are heritable and influenced by the prenatal and perinatal environment. Despite the obvious heritable component, specific genetic influences underlying differences in gestational age are poorly understood.
METHODS
We investigated the genetic architecture of gestational age in 9141 individuals, including 1167 born post-term, across two Northern Finland cohorts born in 1966 or 1986.
RESULTS
Here we identify one globally significant intronic genetic variant within the gene that is associated with prolonged gestation (p=4.85×10). Additional variants that reached suggestive levels of significance were identified within introns at the and genes, and in the upstream (5') intergenic regions of the and genes. The variants near the , , and loci are linked to alterations in gene expression levels (cis-eQTLs). Luciferase assays confirmed the allele specific enhancer activity for the and loci.
CONCLUSIONS
Our findings provide the first evidence of a specific genetic influence associated with prolonged gestation. This study forms a foundation for a better understanding of the genetic and long-term health risks faced by induced and post-term individuals. The long-term risks for induced individuals who have a previously overlooked post-term potential may be a major issue for current health providers.
Topics: Alleles; Cohort Studies; Enhancer Elements, Genetic; Female; Finland; Gene Expression Regulation; Genetic Variation; Genome-Wide Association Study; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Luciferases; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; Pregnancy; Quantitative Trait Loci; Reproducibility of Results; Term Birth
PubMed: 29018042
DOI: 10.1136/jmedgenet-2017-104880